Midstate Medical Moment: Beware of Norovirus

John Goldman, M.D., infectious disease specialist, UPMC in Central Pa.

Although we are at the height of respiratory illness season, it’s important to remember that stomach bugs also spread easily this time of year. Most of these bugs cause an upset stomach and diarrhea, but norovirus causes severe diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Because norovirus spreads easily within households, it’s important to recognize the signs to prevent others from getting sick.

Q: How do I know if I have norovirus?

There are a few ways to know if you have norovirus versus another stomach bug. First is constant vomiting and diarrhea. Another key indicator of norovirus is rapid spread through the household. If multiple family members are ill with a stomach bug in a short period of time, it’s most likely norovirus.

Q: How can I keep norovirus from spreading in my home?

Unlike regular stomach bugs, which are generally passed via the mouth because of fecal contamination, the small vomit particles from an infected person can become airborne and infect others in the home.

Because of this, I strongly recommend wearing gloves and masks when cleaning bathrooms or areas where someone with norovirus has been sick. In addition, it’s important to clean with bleach products to kill the virus. Other types of cleaners will not work. It’s also critical that you wash your hands when you are done cleaning.

Q: How can I treat norovirus at home?

There are no vaccines or medications for norovirus. The care for norovirus is supportive. Some medications can help with nausea and diarrhea.

The important thing when recovering from norovirus is to stay hydrated. It’s essential to replenish electrolytes in addition to fluids. Consider sports drinks or nibble on pretzels while sipping on water.

Q: When do I need to see a doctor about norovirus?

Norovirus usually resolves within one to three days. Dehydration is the biggest risk when it comes to norovirus. If you are experiencing decreased urination, dry mouth and throat, dizziness or unusual fatigue, you may be dehydrated and should consult with a medical provider right away.

Through the Midstate Medical Moment, UPMC wants to raise awareness about the health conditions affecting people living in the communities we serve. For more information about UPMC services in Central Pennsylvania, visit UPMC.com/centralpa.